For a long time, I've used CSS to style my webpages, but only for
media "screen" and "print". Now I've started looking into styling them
for other media like "projection" and "handheld". I'd be happy to hear
your advice on a couple of practicalities.
1. media="all" required?
In the <head> of my pages, I have the following:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css"></link>
And in style.css, I have a couple @media rules like this:
@media print { /* Don't print certain images, good page breaks, etc.
*/ }
@media projection { /* Use sans-serif font for body text, etc. */ }
Most browsers use the @media print rules in my style.css when printing
the page.But now I found out that according to the specs, the value of
the media attribute should default to screen if not specified, so
strictly speaking, my style.css should not be applied when printing
the page.
I will of course add media="all" on all of my pages, but I'd like to
hear how various browsers behave in this respect.
2. Splitting CSS or keeping it together?
I'm also wondering what would be most efficient: keeping all CSS
together, or creating various files: all.css, print.css,
projection.css, etc.?
Most visitors just view the pages with a normal web browser on a
normal PC screen. They don't really need the "handheld" or "braille"
part of the CSS. On the other hand, they may decide to print the page,
or to have it read to them. And then it would be useful to have the
relevant "print" or "aural" parts already available, instead of having
to go back to the server to ask for it. I'd guess that the few extra
bytes needed for these bits of CSS aren't much of a problem for the
average visitor, so I'd rather keep all CSS together in one file. What
are your opinions on this?
3. Handheld CSS?
An exception may be made for handheld devices, which typically have
low bandwidth and small memory. Getting all those CSS parts they don't
need is really a waste, so I had better make a separate file for these
devices. Would you agree?
I test the "handheld" styles using Opera's small-screen mode
(Shift-F11). I noticed that even if I put media="all" in the <link> to
my stylesheet, Opera doesn't apply the "handheld" part when rendering
in small-screen mode. It does use my styles if I explicitly mention
media="all,handheld". It seems that this is in disagreement with the
specs, but it does make some sense. What do other handheld devices do
when they see a media="all" attribute?
4. Testing aural and other style sheets?
The last thing I'd be glad to learn more about, is ways to test my CSS
for several media. It's easy enough to print a page, and Opera lets me
test projection (in full-screen mode) and handheld (in small-screen
mode) with one keystroke. I'm still looking for good,
standards-compliant, and preferably free tools that let me test my
aural, braille, embossed, or other styles.
That's a lot of questions, I hope I'll get some answers (remarks,
suggestions, ...). Thanks!
Garmt de Vries.
1  2932 
Garmt de Vries wrote: For a long time, I've used CSS to style my webpages, but only for
media "screen" and "print". Now I've started looking into styling
them for other media like "projection" and "handheld". I'd be happy
to hear your advice on a couple of practicalities.
There are not many practical applications for this, I'm afraid. For
example, WebTV ignores media="tv". Even media="print" has only limited
support, e.g., for pagination.
1. media="all" required?
Required for what? (Was this intended as a heading of some sort?)
In the <head> of my pages, I have the following: <link
rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css"></link>
<link> is an empty element in HTML. Are you using XHTML? If so, why?
in style.css, I have a couple @media rules like this: @media print {
/* Don't print certain images, good page breaks, etc. */ } @media
projection { /* Use sans-serif font for body text, etc. */ }
Use with care! The entire blocks enclosed in these media rules will be
ignored by IE 5.x/Mac.
Most browsers use the @media print rules in my style.css when
printing the page.But now I found out that according to the specs,
the value of the media attribute should default to screen if not
specified, so strictly speaking, my style.css should not be applied
when printing the page.
I will of course add media="all" on all of my pages, but I'd like to
hear how various browsers behave in this respect.
I prefer designing a separate print stylesheet, but to each his own.
2. Splitting CSS or keeping it together?
I'm also wondering what would be most efficient: keeping all CSS
together, or creating various files: all.css, print.css,
projection.css, etc.?
In principle, a ua should only download stylesheets that it can use.
Thus, a graphical browser should ignore a stylesheet where the <link>
media attribute is set to aural or handheld, while an aural browser
should ignore screen, tv, or projection. Maybe someday that will
actually be the case. So keep them separate, so that users will not need
to download stylesheets they don't need.
Most visitors just view the pages with a normal web browser on a
normal PC screen. They don't really need the "handheld" or "braille"
part of the CSS. On the other hand, they may decide to print the
page, or to have it read to them. And then it would be useful to have
the relevant "print" or "aural" parts already available, instead of
having to go back to the server to ask for it.
A ua should retrieve the stylesheets it needs; this means a graphical
browser that has a print function should download screen and print
stylesheets. My suggestion: be honest in your stylesheet media
attributes, and let the browsers sort it out, unless you know of buggy
behavior that you wish to work around.
3. Handheld CSS?
Precious little support for that at present, I'm afraid. Even the W3C
CSS "validator" doesn't support media="handheld"!
4. Testing aural and other style sheets?
Until ua development catches up, it will be hard to conduct tests in
other than graphical browsers.
--
Brian (remove "invalid" to email me) This thread has been closed and replies have been disabled. Please start a new discussion. Similar topics | |
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